Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the spine and joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and, in advanced cases, structural changes that can severely impact quality of life. Unlike ordinary back pain or age-related stiffness, AS is a form of arthritis that originates from immune-mediated inflammation [...]
Amyloidosis is a rare but serious disorder that occurs when an abnormal protein called amyloid builds up in tissues and organs. Over time, these deposits interfere with normal organ function. Because symptoms often develop gradually and may resemble other common conditions, amyloidosis is frequently diagnosed late. Understanding the different types [...]
Alport syndrome is a rare inherited condition that primarily affects the kidneys, but it can also impact hearing and vision. It occurs due to mutations in genes responsible for producing type IV collagen, an essential protein that forms the structural foundation of basement membranes in various organs. Because collagen is [...]
Alopecia Areata is a condition many people find distressing because it involves unexpected hair loss — often in round, smooth patches on the scalp or other parts of the body. It’s a condition that raises a lot of questions, fears, and misunderstandings. One of the biggest questions people ask is: [...]
Addison’s Disease, medically known as adrenal insufficiency, is a rare hormonal disorder that affects the adrenal glands. These small glands sit above the kidneys and are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones help regulate blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and electrolyte balance. When the [...]
Our immune system is designed to protect us. It identifies harmful bacteria, viruses, and toxins and fights them to keep us healthy. But in autoimmune diseases, this protective system becomes confused and mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells, tissues, or organs. This internal attack leads to long-term inflammation, pain, [...]
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, but its signs and challenges often change as a person grows. Autism does not look the same in early childhood as it does in adulthood. Understanding how symptoms evolve over time can help families, caregivers, and individuals provide better support at [...]
Aphasia is a language disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and can profoundly impact a person’s ability to communicate. It usually occurs after damage to the language-dominant areas of the brain, often due to a stroke, head injury, or neurological condition. Importantly, aphasia affects speech, reading, and writing, while [...]
Anencephaly is a serious congenital condition that occurs very early in pregnancy, affecting the development of the brain and skull. It is classified as one of the neural tube defects (NTDs), a group of birth defects that happen when the neural tube—an embryonic structure that eventually forms the brain and [...]
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a serious neurological condition that belongs to a group of disorders called motor neuron diseases (MND). These disorders affect the nerve cells — called motor neurons — that control voluntary muscle movements such as walking, speaking, swallowing, and even breathing. In ALS, these vital motor [...]